Using the theory of unpleasant symptoms as a guide what would you look for in an assessment tool for patient symptoms?
The focus of nursing care is on a patient’s symptoms. Patients’ symptoms drive much of what nurses do: measuring them, evaluating factors that may affect changes, designing preventative and management strategies, and helping patients with continuous monitoring and self-management.
The TOUS is divided into three parts: the symptoms, the influencing factors, and the performance outcome. In this view, symptoms are defined based on how the patient feels about them. The patient’s level of distress and the severity and timing of their symptoms are all thought to play a role (how they feel). A symptom cluster is a situation where two or more symptoms appear simultaneously. When several symptoms co-occur, the causes may be the same or distinct, and the effects may be additive or multiplicative (Lee, et.al, 2017). It fosters thinking outside the physical world of care by categorizing aspects as physiological, psychological, and situational. A person’s age, gender, and any illnesses or treatments they’ve undergone are all considered physiological considerations. Mood and cognition are two psychological characteristics that might influence a person’s health (for example, knowledge about and understanding the illness). They have a significant impact on symptoms. The individual has no control over external influences (Moore, 2022). They emphasize the patient’s vulnerability to the effects of their physical and social surroundings. An individual’s performance is described as their ability to carry out physical, cognitive, and social roles due to symptom experience.
As well as emphasizing symptoms’ complexity, the TOUS also suggests potential preventive and therapeutic options. Three categories of elements are thought to influence one or more symptoms and how the patient perceives them. It is possible that the symptom experience and the contributing factors can be affected by the individual’s performance. Unlike other theories, this one doesn’t include any direct intervention. Instead, it is presumed that many of the TOUS’s components and relationships could be the subject of an attack.
The TOUS has been used successfully in several investigations. It’s important to note that these applications contain various components that incorporate patient and family caregiver education (Moore, 2022). The following are examples of practice applications congruent with the theory.
The intake history would be detailed, including any psychological and environmental impacts and physiological ones.
Several interventions would be necessary to address the elements that are receptive to change, such as psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression.
Regular evaluations of performance outcomes would be conducted to keep tabs on any changes.
Patients will be taught to monitor and care for themselves using short- and long-term symptom and performance monitoring and self-monitoring teaching.
References
Lee, S. E., Vincent, C., & Finnegan, L. (2017). An analysis and evaluation of the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Advances in Nursing science, 40(1), E16-E39.
Moore, A. K. (2022). The Holistic Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 40(2), 193-202.
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Using the theory of unpleasant symptoms as a guide what would you look for in an assessment tool for patient symptoms?
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