Please write a response to this student discussion post: The discussion assignm

Please write a response to this student discussion post: The discussion assignment:
Discuss at least two health implicative effects of environment and smoking on an unborn fetus or children. Your initial response should be between 250 to 350 words.
In addition to your initial post, you must respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts in this thread. Your responses should include elements such as follow-up questions, further exploration of topics from the initial post, or requests for further clarification or explanation on some points made by the classmates.
Student post:
There have been many studies throughout the year that have focused on the effects with smoking while pregnant. “Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is a major public health concern with clearly established consequences to both mother and newborn (e.g., low birth weight, altered cardiorespiratory responses). MSDP has also been associated with higher rates of a variety of poor cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children, including ADHD, conduct disorder, impaired learning and memory, and cognitive dysfunction” (Knopik, 2009). The following studies demonstrated that being exposed to nicotine during prenatal stages will cause low birth rates, resulting in possible cognitive defect and other complications. “Similar to results in humans (e.g., Eskenazi, Prehn, & Christianson, 1995 (Links to an external site.); Ricketts et al., 2005 (Links to an external site.)), findings in rats consistently show lower birth weight in offspring exposed to prenatal nicotine when compared with nonexposed offspring” (Ernst, 2009). smoking during pregnancy, will not only cause birthing complications, but also complications with the pregnancy that may lead to still births and spontaneous abortions. “MSDP is reported to increase rates of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome, cleft palate, and most relevant to long-term neurobehavioral effects, preterm birth and low birth weight…Recent evidence also suggests that offspring of nonsmokers who used nicotine substitutes during pregnancy are at increased risk for congenital malformations”(Morales, 2006). Knopik V. S. (2009). Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child outcomes: real or spurious effect?. Developmental neuropsychology, 34(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/87565640802564366 (Links to an external site.)
Ernst M, Moolchan ET, Robinson ML. Behavioral and neural consequences of prenatal exposure to nicotine. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40:630–641.
Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Bille C, Christensen K, Olson J. Smoking habits, nicotine use, and congenital malformations. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2006;107:51–57.