All these question should be answered based on articules attached. The assigment

All these question should be answered based on articules attached. The assigment must be wrote in narrative form using the APA format.
Please also be aware that question 1 is related to the title , second questions is related to ABSTRACT etc.
All these quesion can be found in appendix 1.
Title
1
Identify the report as a
systematic review, meta-analysis, or both.
ABSTRACT
Structured
summary
2
Provide a structured summary including, as applicable: background; objectives; data sources; study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions; study appraisal and synthesis methods; results; limitations; conclusions and implications of key findings; systematic review registration number.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
3
Describe the rationale for the
review in the context of what is already known.
Objectives
4
Provide an explicit statement of
questions being addressed with reference to participants, interventions,
comparisons, outcomes, and study design (PICOS).
METHODS
Protocol and registration
5
Indicate if a review protocol
exists, if and where it can be accessed (e.g., Web address), and, if
available, provide registration information including registration number.
Eligibility criteria
6
Specify study characteristics
(e.g., PICOS, length of follow-up) and report characteristics (e.g., years
considered, language, publication status) used as criteria for eligibility,
giving rationale.
Information sources
7
Describe all information sources
(e.g., databases with dates of coverage, contact with study authors to identify
additional studies) in the search and date last searched.
Search
8
Present full electronic search
strategy for at least one database, including any limits used, such that it
could be repeated.
Study selection
9
State the process for selecting
studies (i.e., screening, eligibility, included in systematic review, and, if
applicable, included in the meta-analysis).
Data collection process
10
Describe method of data extraction
from reports (e.g., piloted forms, independently, in duplicate) and any processes
for obtaining and confirming data from investigators.
Data items
11
List and define all variables for
which data were sought (e.g., PICOS, funding sources) and any assumptions and
simplifications made.
Risk of bias in individual studies
12
Describe methods used for
assessing risk of bias of individual studies (including specification of
whether this was done at the study or outcome level), and how this
information is to be used in any data synthesis.
Summary measures
13
State the principal summary
measures (e.g., risk ratio, difference in means).
Synthesis of results
14
Describe the methods of handling
data and combining results of studies, if done, including measures of
consistency (e.g., I2) for each meta-analysis.
Risk of bias across studies
15
Specify any assessment of risk of
bias that may affect the cumulative evidence (e.g., publication bias,
selective reporting within studies).
Additional analyses
16
Describe methods of additional
analyses (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression), if done,
indicating which were pre-specified.
RESULTS
Study selection
17
Give numbers of studies screened,
assessed for eligibility, and included in the review, with reasons for
exclusions at each stage, ideally with a flow diagram.
Study characteristics
18
For each study, present
characteristics for which data were extracted (e.g., study size, PICOS,
follow-up period) and provide the citations.
Risk of bias within studies
19
Present data on risk of bias of
each study and, if available, any outcome-level assessment (see Item 12).
Results of individual studies
20
For all outcomes considered
(benefits or harms), present, for each study: (a) simple summary data for
each intervention group and (b) effect estimates and confidence intervals,
ideally with a forest plot.
Synthesis of results
21
Present results of each
meta-analysis done, including confidence intervals and measures of
consistency.
Risk of bias across studies
22
Present results of any assessment
of risk of bias across studies (see Item 15).
Additional analysis
23
Give results of additional
analyses, if done (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression
[see Item 16]).
DISCUSSION
Summary of evidence
24
Summarize the main findings
including the strength of evidence for each main outcome; consider their
relevance to key groups (e.g., health care providers, users, and policy
makers).
Limitations
25
Discuss limitations at study and
outcome level (e.g., risk of bias), and at review level (e.g., incomplete
retrieval of identified research, reporting bias).
Conclusions
26
Provide a general interpretation
of the results in the context of other evidence, and implications for future
research.
FUNDING
Funding
27
Describe sources of funding for
the systematic review and other support (e.g., supply of data); role of
funders for the systematic review.