Classification of Research Methodologies Used in Nursing Research.

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Classification of Research Methodologies Used in Nursing Research.
The two common classifications of research methodologies used in nursing are; qualitative research methodology and quantitative research methodology. When choosing a research methodology, one should consider the nature of the aim of the investigation, methodological approaches used in previous studies, and the practicality and constraints of resources.(Rutberg et al., 2018). Common restrictions include; time, knowledge and skills, availability of data and equipment, and software needed.
Qualitative research methodologies are more descriptive and interactive. Qualitative methods focus on people’s knowledge, opinions, behaviors, and attitudes. It consists ofcollecting non-numerical data. Qualitative research methodology aims to understand the experiences of people. It focuses more on suggestive causes, effects, and relationships. It is more descriptive and more reliable for social analysis. Qualitative methods include phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and narrative inquiry. (Cristancho et al., 2018). Exploratory research aims to use a qualitative approach. Commonly used methods in qualitative research are in-depth one-on-one interviews, focused groups, online forums, case studies, and observation. Data collection, analysis, and interpretation of qualitative research methodology are usually lengthy processes. In addition, the research process can be affected by the presence of a researcher.
On the other hand, quantitative research methodology is more statistical, where data is measured through statistical methods. Measurement, amount, and quantity are crucial factors in quantitative research methodology. Qualitative methodology tests the importance of a hypothesis. Quantitative methods include laboratory experiments, mathematical calculations and simulations, and surveys. Quantitative methods sample a large population, and the data collected is structured. Types quantitative of methods include; descriptive, correlational, and experimental methods. Confirmatory research aims to use quantitative methods. (Hochbein et., 2018). The commonly used research method for quantitative methodology is a randomized controlled trial. Qualitative research methodology is precise and uses reliable measurement. It is also helpful in the analysis of sophisticated findings.
Mixed methods combine aspects of qualitative and quantitative methods to give a broader and deeper understanding of the research. Research aims that are confirmatory and exploratory tend to use mixed methods. Mixed methodology collects both qualitative and quantitative data. Mixed method research design includes convergent, explanatory, experimental, and embedded designs. Convergent design is also known as the triangulation method; collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data are done at the same time separately. Explanatory sequential design collects quantitative data first and then collects qualitative data to explain more about the qualitative results. Exploratory involves collecting qualitative data and then quantitative data to explore a phenomenon. Embedded design is used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously, where one form of data supports the other. A mixed methodology is applicable when unexpected results arise. In addition, the mixed methodology can be used to design and validate an instrument.
References
Cristancho, S. M., Goldszmidt, M., Lingard, L., & Watling, C. (2018). Qualitative research essentials for medical education. Singapore medical journal, 59(12), 622.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119373780.ch29
Hochbein, C., & Smeaton, K. S. (2018). An Exploratory Analysis of the Prevalence of Quantitative Research Methodologies in Journal Articles. International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership, 13(11), n11.
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1199456
Rutberg, S., & Bouikidis, C. D. (2018). Focusing on the fundamentals: A simplistic differentiation between qualitative and quantitative research. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 45(2), 209-213.