I need a 100 word reply The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland located a

I need a 100 word reply The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck that significantly impacts a person’s overall health. It affects the function of every organ in the body and, when not working correctly, can throw the body out of sync (NIH, 2021). Hypothyroidism occurs when the gland is underactive and can occur at any age, but the risk increases. It is most commonly triggered by genetics. When the thyroid is inactive, the immune system triggers the body to attack the thyroid, resulting in inflammation. It causes the thyroid to produce less of a thyroid hormone called thyroxine (T4) (NIH, 2021). The causes of hypothyroidism include Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, genetics, a low-iodine diet, radiation, Turner syndrome, and certain medications. Other conditions that can cause an underactive thyroid include celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus (NIH,2021). Symptoms of hypothyroidism include unexplained weight gain, fatigue, depression, hair loss or dry hair, muscle spasms, dry skin, swollen thyroid, brittle nails, sensitivity to cold, constipation, and carpal tunnel syndrome. The treatment for hypothyroidism is a levothyroxine sodium tablet (NIH, 2021).
Hyperthyroidism is the opposite of hypothyroidism. It occurs when the thyroid is overactive and produces too much hormone (NIH, 2021). Hyperthyroidism is caused by Graves’ disease, an enlarged thyroid gland, thyroid nodules, pernicious anemia, type 1 or type 2 diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, and nicotine products. Symptoms include unexplained weight loss, feeling anxious, rapid heartbeat, tremors, sweating, flushing, itchy red skin, hair loss or thinning hair, and irregular heartbeat, leading to blood clots, stroke, heart failure, osteoporosis, and fertility problems (NIH, 2021). The treatment for hyperthyroidism is methimazole, and propylthiouracil, which decrease the production of T4 and T3 hormones. If an antithyroid drug does not regulate the thyroid, surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid or radioactive iodine treatment is an alternative to reduce thyroid hormone production (NIH, 2021).
References
NIH. (2021a). Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hyperthyroidism
NIH. (2021b). Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hypothyroidism
I need a 100 word reply I learned about the comparison of symptoms and treatment of hypo & hyperthyroidism. The etiology of hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune response leading to excess production of T3 and T4, excess secretion of TSH, neoplasms, and excessive intake thyroid medications. For hypothyroidism, you have congenital defects, antithyroid medications, iodine deficiency, or damage to thyroid from surgery or radiation. Clinical manifestations, hyperthyroidism are emotional lability (sudden exaggerated changes in mood), agitation, exophthalmos (buldging eyes), increased reflexes, fatigue, flushed skin, goiter, hyperthermia, weight loss, heat intolerance, sweating, as a hint, remember that everything is elevated except weight. As for hypothyroidism, the hint in clinical manifestations are that everything is decreased except weight, so you will see memory impairment, confusion, decreased reflexes, edema around the eyes, hypotension, bradycardia, constipation, muscle weakness, goiter, edema, weight gain, hypothermia, and intolerance to cold. Lab values, in hyper- there is elevated serum thyroid antibodies (serum TA), possible decreased TSH, increased serum triiodothyronine (T3), and increased T3 uptake. In hypo- there is an increase in TSH, and a decrease in T4, T3, decreased T3 uptake, and hynatremia (lower than normal level of sodium in the blood stream). Treatment, hyper- a list of medications that we will see as nurses for a person with hyper will be methimazole, propylthiouracil, glucocorticoids, propranolol, Lugol’s solution Radioactive therapy Thyroidectomy. For hypo- we will see medications like, levothyroxine, lyothyronine, liotrix, and vasopressor agent’s (which are to treat low blood pressure). I also learned that if left untreated, both conditions, can cause many other issues and diseases. and I need 100 word reply to this There are two kinds of adrenal insufficiency, primary and secondary. Primary insufficiency, a rare condition, occurs when the glands of the adrenal glands become damaged and do not produce enough aldosterone or cortisol (Johns Hopkins, 2022). Secondary insufficiency occurs when the pituitary gland does not produce enough adrenocorticoid which causes the adrenal glands to not produce enough cortisol (Johns Hopkins, 2022). General symptoms of adrenal insufficiency include, weakness, fatigue, dark skin, dizziness, bluish-black color around the rectum, scrotum, vagina, nipples, mouth, weight loss, dehydration, muscle aches, vomiting, low blood pressure, hypoglycemia, irregular or no menstrual periods (Johns Hopkins, 2022). Mrs. Hendrix has signs of dehydration, lack of appetite, hypoglycemia, and low cortisol levels. The most common causes of adrenal insufficiency are cancer, tuberculosis, genetics, or cancer (Johns Hopkins, 2022). Mrs. Hendrix’s adrenal insufficiency is most likely due to her stopping her prednisone. Adrenal insufficiency usually can be treated with hormone replacements such as cortisol or if you have Addison’s disease, cortisol and aldosterone (Johns Hopkins, 2022). For Mrs. Hendrix, the prednisone should be restarted but in the hospital a corticosteroid can be provided to help increase cortisol levels. Since she is dehydrated, fluids should also be administered. Mrs. Hendrix can avoid these symptoms and having to come again to the hospital again if properly educated. For this patient, it is important to ensure the patient understands what prednisone is, why she takes it, and why it causes adrenal insufficiency when it is suddenly stopped. The patient should also be taught about the importance of medications adherence.