Read the case study below and answer the following questions for this week’s dis

Read the case study below and answer the following questions for this week’s discussion.
CASE STUDY #1: Maria
Maria was a 4-month-old Hispanic infant with a history of Down’s syndrome and an ASD/VSD congenital anomaly. After her cardiac surgery, she had several complications that resulted in a lengthy ICU stay. During that time she had two cardio-pulmonary arrests, which resulted in the need to try to contact her parents. Her parents visited infrequently due to work obligations and the need to care for their other children. They were Spanish speaking, which made it difficult for the staff to have any type of on-going communication and contact with the parents.
After the second cardiac arrest, the physician attempted to contact the parents by calling the phone number on the chart. The number turned out to be that of the eldest daughter, who was only 21 years of age. The daughter began to cry and told the physician that she had never been able to tell her mother how sick Maria was, knowing she would not want to hear news like that about her own child. She continued to state that she did not want to be used as an interpreter.
The child was hospitalized for 8 months. The family was unable to learn to provide the care required for a child with multiple needs such as Maria. She was placed in foster care and became a ward of the state.
CASE STUDY #2
Mr. Pasamonte was admitted for hypotension, dizziness, and a mass on his rectal prostate area. He was awake, alert and oriented, able to get up and do daily activities without assistance. He has no previous medical history and denied any hospitalization. He is a fifty eight year old Filipino who was recently emigrated to the States five months ago. He came from a rural farming barrio with limited electricity. A radio was the only form of mass communication. He speaks Tagalog and Ilocano dialect; he understands limited English and an interpreter is necessary if a family member is not at the bedside.
The nursing staff, housekeepers, and two patients who were previously roommate of Mr. Pasamonte had been complaining that the toilet lid was always dirty, that there were shoe marks, and water all over the toilet seat. One incident report was filed that Mr. Pasamonte rang the emergency call light in the bathroom and was found squatting on the toilet seat. He was pale, sweaty and dizzy. He was assisted back to bed and able to recover. The staff interventions were to keep Mr. Pasamonte on bed rest related to his dizziness, place him in fall precautions, and let him use the bedpan or bedside commode for safety reasons. Mr. Pasamonte was unable to use the bedpan or bedside commode. He refused to use the bedpan or bedside commode and continuously got up without assistance to use the bathroom. The nursing staff labeled him as a non-compliant patient. The staff made fun of his squatting habit in using the toilet. Furthermore, the housekeepers and staff were irritated by the dirty bathroom and water spills on the toilet seat.
I was the charge nurse on the floor at that time and I assisted the cardiologist with interpretation and examination of Mr. Pasamonte. The cardiologist informed the patient that the pressure of the large mass in the rectal prostate region and bearing down while having a bowel movement causes a vaso-vagal nerve reflex that causes the blood pressure to drop and makes him dizzy. The doctor ordered stool softener, a high fiber diet, and bathroom privileges without bearing down during defecation. I noticed that Mr. Pasamonte had limited direct eye contact with doctors and non-Filipino nurses. He addressed each one of the staff as ma‘amor sirand never called them by their first name. According to Orque (1983), Filipino patients relate to authority figures with formality and modesty. Furthermore, little direct eye contact with authority figures (nurses and doctors) is one form of nonverbal communication among Filipinos (Cantos & Rivera, 1996).
In Maria’s case identify 3 things that might have changed the outcome for Maria and her family in the context of providing culturally competent care?
What stands out to you when reading about Mr. Pasamonte?
What information might a nurse need in order to provide culturally competent care for Mr. Pasamonte?
What interventions might the nurse recommend to address Mr. Pasamonte’s care while in the hospital?
Define in your own words what cultural competency in nursing is and identify three reasons cultural competency is so important when providing care to patients and families?
Discussion Protocol. Please observe the following 3 x 3 rule: when writing your weekly discussions: – A minimum of three paragraphs per DQ. Each paragraph should have a minimum of three sentences. Remember that peer responses need to be substantive and extend the original discussion posting by making connections, relating to others’ ideas and adding supporting detail. Refer to grading rubric, to receive full credit each portion of the discussion posting must be addressed along with the 2 peer responses.
All answers or discussions comments submitted must be in APA format according to Publication Manual American Psychological Association (APA) (7th ed.) 2019.
Discussions must have a minimum of two references, not older than 2015.